Bases moleculares de la sordera: envejecimiento y nuevas fronteras en la investigación auditiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51445/sja.auditio.vol9.2025.123Palabras clave:
Presbiacusia, Respuesta inflamatoria, Equilibrio redox, ExposomaResumen
La pérdida auditiva asociada a la edad, conocida como presbiacusia, constituye una de las causas más frecuentes de discapacidad sensorial a nivel mundial. Su origen es multifactorial, determinado por factores genéticos, ambientales, fisiológicos y relacionados con el estilo de vida. Su impacto en el deterioro cognitivo y en la aparición de enfermedades neurodegenerativas ha impulsado un renovado interés por comprender sus bases moleculares, epigenéticas y genéticas.
En esta revisión abordamos los principales mecanismos implicados en la degeneración auditiva vinculada al envejecimiento, identificados tanto en modelos experimentales como en estudios epidemiológicos. Nos centraremos en la respuesta al daño celular como desencadenante de estrés oxidativo, en la neuroinflamación y en las mutaciones genéticas que aumentan la susceptibilidad a la presbiacusia. Asimismo, se analizan las técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen y las perspectivas terapéuticas emergentes que podrían transformar el abordaje clínico de la sordera en un futuro próximo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Blanca Cervantes, Pilar López Larrubia, Isabel Varela-Nieto, Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
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AUDITIO | Spanish Journal of Audiology
