Abordaje clínico de la estimulación facial en implantes cocleares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51445/sja.auditio.vol6.2022.0090Palabras clave:
nervio facial, implante coclear, estimulación eléctrica, pulsos eléctricos, modos de estimulaciónResumen
El implante coclear es actualmente uno de los dispositivos de rehabilitación neurosensoriales más exitosos. El mismo brinda la posibilidad de escuchar en personas con hipoacusias severas a profundas que obtienen limitado acceso a los sonidos con amplificación acústica. Sin embargo, existen complicaciones luego de su implantación, entre las cuales se encuentra la estimulación indeseada del nervio facial. Entre los principales detrimentos que produce la estimulación del nervio facial se encuentran los movimientos involuntarios de cara o cuello, molestia o dolor al usar el implante, entre otros. En algunos casos esto sucede sólo en algunos contactos, pero también puede presentarse en la mayoría o incluso todos los canales de estimulación.
El actual abordaje clínico de este problema recurre principalmente a diferentes cambios en la programación del dispositivo. Los recursos para reducirlo abarcan desde cambios en el tipo y modo de la estimulación eléctrica, hasta considerar la reimplantación en casos complejos. El presente artículo describe el problema de la estimulación facial y sus posibles causas, como así también detalla las soluciones clínicas que existen en la actualidad. Por último, se discuten nuevos abordajes y potenciales líneas de investigación.
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